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The bubbles are produced by volcanic gas vents on the seafloor -- a reminder that Dominica sits on the volcanic arc of the Lesser Antilles. Geothermal activity beneath the reef heats the sand and releases gases that rise through the water in streams of tiny bubbles, creating the distinctive champagne-like effect.

Yes, Champagne Reef is excellent for beginners. The bubble vents are in just 5 metres of shallow water near shore, accessible by wading in from Champagne Beach. Snorkellers can enjoy the bubbles from the surface. The reef extends deeper to about 30 metres for more experienced divers, with a near-vertical wall covered in sponges.

You will encounter warm spots in the sand and around the vents, but the surrounding water is normal Caribbean temperature. The geothermal warmth is localised and adds to the novelty of the dive without posing any danger. Touching the sand near active vents can feel noticeably warm.

The SSMR is a protected marine area on Dominica's southwest coast encompassing an extinct volcanic crater whose submerged walls create dramatic diving terrain. Established as one of Dominica's premier marine parks, it contains over a dozen dive sites including walls, pinnacles, and geothermal vents. The reserve is on the UNESCO tentative list.

Top sites include Scotts Head Drop-Off, a spectacular wall from 12 to over 30 metres; Dangleben's Pinnacles, five coral-covered columns at 12-25 metres; and Scotts Head Pinnacle, with a swim-through at just 10 metres leading to the volcanic crater's inner wall. Each site offers different character and terrain.